ISO 2288:1997 download.Aqricultural tractors and machines – Engine test code – Net power.
ISO 2288 specifies a method for testing internal combustion engines intended for propulsion of agricultural tractors and machines. It applies to evaluation of performance with a view, in particular, to presenting curves of power and specific fuel consumption at full load as a function of engine speed. The engines may be naturally aspirated or pressure-charged.
It applies to net power assessment.
ISO 2288 concerns intcrnal combustion engines used in agricultural tractors and machines and included in one of the following categories:
– reciprocating internal combustion engines
(spark-ignition or compression-ignition) but excluding free piston engines;
– rotary piston engines.
These engines may be naturally aspirated or pressure-charged, either using a mechanical pressurecharger or turbocharger.
NOTE – ISO 2288 provides engine power correction factors in conformity with ISO
1585:1D92.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of ISO 2288. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on ISO 2288 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards listed below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 789-1:1990, Agricultural tractors – Test Procedures – Part 1: Power tests for power fake off.
ISO 1585:1992, Road vehicles – Engine test code – Net power.
ISO 2710:1978, Reciprocating internal combustion engines – Vocabulary.
ISO 3104:1994, Petroleum products – Transparcnt and opaque liquids – Determination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of dynamic viscosity.
SO 3173:1974, Road vehicles – Apparatus for measurement of the opacity of exhaust gas from diesel engines operating under steady state conditions.
ISO 3675:1993, Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products – Laboratory determination of density or relative density – Hydrometer method.
ISO 5163:1990, Motor and aviation-type fuels – Determinat ion of knock characteristics – Motor method.
ISO 5164:1990, Motor fuels – Determination of knock characteristics – Research method.
ISO 5165:1992, Diesel fuels – Determination of ignition quality – Ce tone method.
ISO 7876-1:1990, Fuel injection equipment Vocabulary – Part 1: Fuel injection pumps
ISO 7967-1:1987, Reciprocating internal combustion engines – Vocabulary of components and systems – Part 1: Structure and external covers.
ISO 7967-2:1987, Reciprocating internal combustion engines – Vocabulary of components and systems – Part 2: Main running gear.
ISO 7967-3:1987, Reciprocating internal combustion engines – Vocabulary of components arid systems – Part 3: Valves, camshaft drive and acwating mechanisms.
ISO 7967-4:1988, Reciprucutiiig internal combustion engines – Vocabulary of components and systems – Part 4: Pressure charging and air/exhaust gas ducting systems.
ISO 7967-5:1992, Reciprocating internal combustion engines. Vocabulary of components and systems . Part 5: Cooling systems.
ISO 7967-8:1994, Reciprocating internal combustion engines – Vocabulary of components and systems – Part 8: Starting systems.
ASTM D 240-87, Standard test method for heat of combustion of liquid hydrocarbon fuels by bomb calorimeter.
ASTM D 3338-88, Standard test method for estfrnation of heat of combustion of aviation fuels.
3 Definitions
For the purposes of ISO 2288, the definitions given in ISO 2710, ISO 7876-1, ISO 7967-1, ISO 7967-2, ISO 7967-3, ISO 7967-4, ISO 7967-5 and ISO 7967-8, and the following definitions apply.
3.1 net power
power obtained on a test bed at the end of the crankshaft or its equivalent at the corresponding engine speed with the equipment and auxiliaries listed in table 1.
NOTE – If the power measurement can only be carried out with a mounted gear-box, the losses in the gear-box should be added to the measured power to give the engine power.
3.2 standard production equipment
any equipment provided by the manufacturer br a particular engine application.
5 Tests
5.1 Auxiliaries
5.1.1 Auxiliaries to be fitted
During the test, auxiliaries necessary to make the ellyine acceptable !or service in the intended application (as listed in table 1) shall be installed on the test bed as far as possible in the same position as in the intended application.
5.1.2 Auxiliaries to be removed
Certain machine accessories necessary only for operation of the machine, and which may be mounted on the engine, shall be removed for the test. The following non-exhaustive list is given as an example:
– machine hydraulic system(s) pumps;
– machine control system(s) hydraulic system pumps;
– air compressor for machine systems;
– air-conditioning system compressor.
Where accessories cannot be removed, the power absorbed by them in the unloaded condition may be determined and added to the measured engine power.
5.1.3 Compression-ignition engine starting auxiliaries
For auxiliaries used to start compression -ignition engines, the two following cases shall be considered.
a) Electrical starting: the generator is fitted and supplies, where necessary, the auxiliaries
indispensable to the operation of the engine.
b) Starting other than electrical: if there are any electrically operated accessories indispensable
to the operation of the engine, the generator is fitted to supply these accessories. Otherwise, it is removed.
In either case, the system for producing and accumulating the energy necessary for starting is fitted and operates in the unloaded condition.
5.2 Setting conditions
The Setting conditions for the to3t to determine not power are indicated in table 2.
turbocharger(s), if fitted. The location shall be specified.
5.3.7 No data shall be taken until torque, engine speed and temperature have been maintained substantially constant as specified by the manufacturer.
5.3.8 The engine speed during a run or reading shall not deviate from the selected speed by more than ± 1 % or ± 10 min1, whichever is greater.
5.3.9 Observed brake load, fuel flow and inlet air temperature data shall be taken simultaneously and shall, in each case, be the average of at least two stabilized consecutive readings which do not vary more than 2% for the brake load and fuel consumption. The second reading shall be determined without any adjustment of the engine, approximately 1 mm after the first.
5.3.10 The temperature of the coolant at the outlet from the engine shall be kept within ± 5 K of the upper thermostatically controlled temperature specified by the manufacturer, If no temperature is specified by the manufacturer, the temperature shall be 353 K ± 5 K.
For air-cooled engines, the temperature at a point indicated by the manufacturer shall be kept within _K of the maximum value specified by the manufacturer for the reference conditions.
5.3.11 Fuel temperatures shall be as follows.
a) For spark-ignition engines, the fuel temperature shall be measured as near as possible to the inlet of the or assembly of fuel injectors. Fuel temperature shall be maintained within ± 5 K of the temperature specified by the manufacturer. However, the minimum test fuel temperature allowed shall be the ambient air temperature. If the test fuel temperature is not specified by the manufacturer, it shall be 298 K ± 5 K.
b) For compression-ignition engines, the fuel temperature shall be measured at the inlet to the fuel-injection pump. At the manufacturer’s request the fuel temperature measurement Carl be made at another point in the pump representative of the engine operating condition. Fuel temperature shall be maintained within ± 3 K of the temperature specified by the manufacturer. in all cases, the minimum allowable fuel temperature at the pump entrance is 303 K. II the test fuel temperuture is not specified by the manufacturer, it shall be 313
K ± 3 K.