BS 4472:1988 pdf free download.British Standard Specification for Protective skull caps for jockeys.
1 Scope
BS 4472 specifies requirements for protective skull caps for jockeys for both flat racing and jumping. Performance levels and test methods are given for shock absorption, penetration resistance, and strength and effectiveness of the retention system.
NOTE. The titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back covet.
2 Definitions
For the purposes of BS 4472 the following definitions apply.
2.1 shell. The hard material that provides the general outer form of the cap.
2.2 protective padding. Padding material provided to
absorb impact energy.
2.3 size padding. Padding material provided to ensure a
close fit.
2.4 cradle. The headband or other head fitting and those
internal parts of the cap other than the padding, which are
in contact with the head.
2.5 retention system. The harness and chin strap used to hold the cap down on the wearer’s head.
2.6 draw-lace. A lace used by the wearer for making
adjustments to the fit of the cradle on the head.
2.7 chin strap. The strap of material that passes under the
wearer’s chin.
2.8 cap positioning index. The distance, as established by the manufacturer, from the lowest point in the mid-line at the front of the shell to the basic plane of the reference headform when the cap is positioned on the appropriate headform (see figure 1).
NOTE. This index should be furnished to any person who requests the information, with respect to a helmet identified by manufacturer, model designation and size.
3 Materials
The characteristics of the materials used in the manufacture of caps shall be known not to undergo significant deterioration under the influence of ageing, or of the circumstances of use to which the cap is normally subjected such as exposure to sun, extremes of temperature and rain.
NOTE. A method currently under development for assessing, for information purposes, the deterioration of shell materials under these influences i described in appendix A. This method is applicable to all shell materials and to surface coatings on shells.
For those parts of the cap coming into contact with the skin, the materials used shall be known not to undergo appreciable alteration arising from the effects of sweat and of toiletries. The manufacturer shall not use materials known to cause skin disorders of a non-allergic type.
4 Construction
4.1 General
The cap shall have a hard shell containing any necessary additional means of absorbing impact energy secured within the shell and fitted with a retention system. The cap shall not be significantly reinforced at the test points.
If protective padding is used it shall be firmly attached to the inside of the shell.
4.2 Finish
All edges shall be smooth and rounded. There shall be no rigid projections on the inside of the cap. Any external projection shall not exceed 5 mm and shall be smoothly faired to the adjacent surface.
4.3 Peak
The cap shall not be fitted with an integral peak.
4.4 Retention system
A retention system incorporating a chin strap shall be anchored to the shell at more than two points. The system shall be permanently fitted with a fastening device to adjust and maintain tension in the chin strap. The system shall be so designed that either the portion which passes round the jaw, or the entire chin strap, is replaceable. It is permissible for the system to include padding or other means of enhancing comfort for the wearer.
4.5 Extent of area of cover
The extent of the area of cover provided by the shell and any padding shall include all areas above a line determined as described in appendix B.
NOTE. Two different lines are defined in appendix B. The choce depends on whether or not the cap has user-adjustable draw-laces. Such laces are loosened befoce the examination, allowing the cap to wttle lower on the headform.
5 Performance
5.1 Shock absorption
When tested by the method described in appendix C, the transmitted force shall not exceed 20 kN.
5.2 Penetration
When tested by the method described in appendix D, the point of the striker shall neither make electrical contact with nor leave visible indentation on the test block.
5.3 Retention system strength
When tested by the method described in appendix E, using a drop height of 300 ± 5 mm between the facing surfaces of the drop-weight and anvil, the dynamic extension of the retention system, including slippage of the buckle, as measured by displacement of the simulated chin shall not exceed 32 mm and the residual extension, with the drop- weight at rest on the anvil, shall not exceed 16 mm.
5.4 Retention system effectiveness
When the cap, of a size appropriate to the headform used, is tested by the method described in appendix F the cap shall not come off the headform.
6 Sampling and test sequence
6.1 Sampling
Caps shall be tested in the condition in which they are offered for sale, inclusive of the marking and labelling specified.
NOTE. At least three samples of cap of a given model and size or size range are required for the performance tests specified in this standard.
No cap which has been subjected to any test shall be offered for sale or worn by horse riders.
6.2 Test sequence and tim. schedule
After assessment of the extent of the area of protection of the cap as described in appendix B, each sample cap shall be conditioned by one of the procedures described in appendix G and shall be subjected, with a delay of not more than 90 s, to the shock absorption test, followed after a further interval of not more than 10 mm by the penetration test, and then the test for retention system strength.
NOTE. It is intended that in any set of three or more sample caps, all three conditioning procedures should be used on, as nearly as possible, equal numbers of caps.
7 Marking
Each cap shall be legibly and durably marked with the following information:
(a) the name, trade mark or other means of
identification of the manufacturer;
(b) the number and date of BS 4472,
i.e. BS4472: 1988;
(c) the size or range of sizes;
(d) an indication of the month and year of manufacture.
NOTE 1. This date may be marked in a code provided that a record is kept and the user or examiner of the helmet can use the record to dlcover the month and y.er.
NOTE 2. It Is intended that the markings remain legible throughout the life of the helmet.
Items (a), (b) and (C) shall be marked inside the cap. In addition items (a), (b) and (d) shall be legibly and durably marked at any point in or on the cap where this marking is protected from obliteration by abrasion or by contact with the head.
NOTE 3. The first of these two types of marking ii for the information of the user and is intended to be easily accessible. The protected marking is for the information of the test examiner both before and after use of the cap. Compliance may be achieved by a single type of marking satisfying both sets of requirements.
8 Information for users
Every cap offered f or sale shall have attached to it a label carrying words to the following effect.
(a) ‘For maximum protection this cap must fit closely and the harness must always be used and correctly adjusted.’
(b) ‘This cap is designed to absorb some of the energy of a blow by partial destruction of the shell or protective padding material, or both. This damage may not be visible and therefore any helmet which suffers an impact should be discarded and replaced by a new one.’
(c) This cap should not be dry-cleaned or exposed to solvents.’
(d) (Only for caps fitted with a drawlace system that is adjustable by the user.) ‘The draw-lace which can be adjusted by the user must be correctly adjusted and fastened with a secure knot such as a reef-knot. It is recommended that there should be at least 10 mm clearance between the top of the head and the protective padding or, if none is fitted, the shell.’
(e) (Only for caps fitted with a draw-lace system that is not adjustable by the user.) ‘Draw-laces that have no provision for adjustment by the user must not be tampered with.’
NOTE 1. If a cap has both kinds of draw-lace then both warnings are required.
NOTE 2. Information on the selection and maintenance of protective caps is given in appendix H.