ISO 180:2000 download free.Plastics-Determination of lzod impact strength.
1.1 ISO 180 speolies a method for d termwiing the Izod impact strength of plastics under defined conditions. A number of different types of specimen and test configurations are defined, Different test parameters are specified according to the type of material, the type of test specimen and the type of notch.
12 The method is used to investigate the behaviour of specified types of specimen under the wnpact conditions defined and for estimating the brittleness or loughness 04 specimens within the Imitations Inherent in the test conditions.
13 The method is suitable for use with the following range of matenals:
— rigid thermoplastic moulding and extrusion materials, Including filed and reinforced compounds In addition to untlled types: rigid thermoptastics sheets:
— rigid thermosetling moulding materials, including filled and reinforced compounds: rigid thermosettlng sheets, inchiding laminates:
— fce-reinforced thermosetting and thermoplastic composites incorporating unidirectional or non-unidirectional reinforcements such as mat, woven fabrics, woven rovings, chopped strands, combination and hybrid reinforcements, rovings and milled fibres and sheet made from pie-impregnated materials (prepregs):
— Ihermotropic liquid-crystal polymers.
1.4 The method is not normally suitable for use with rigid cellular materials and sandwich structures containing celbitar material Also, notched specimens are not normally used for long-fibre-reinforced composites or thermotropic liquid-crystal polymers,
1.3 The method is suited to the use of specimens which may be either moulded to the chosen dinensions, machined from the central portion 04 a standard multipurpose lest specimen (see ISO 3167) or machined from finished or semifinished products such as mouldings, laminates and extruded or cast sheet.
1.6 The method specifies preferred dimensions for the test specimen. Tests which are carried out on specimens of different dimensions or with different notches, or specimens which are prepared under different conditions, may produce results which are not comparable Other factors, such as the energy capacity of the apparatus, ifs impact velocity and the conditioning of the specimens can aiso influence the results. Consequently, when comparative data are required, these factors must be carefully controlled and recorded
1.7 The method should not be used as a source of data for design calculations. Information on the typical behaviour of a material can be obtained, however, by testing at different temperatures, by varying the notch radius andior the thickness and by testing specimens prepared under different conditions.
2 NormatIve references
The following normative documents contain provisions vitiich, through reference rn this text, constitute provisions of ISO 180 For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However. parbes to agreements based on ISO 180 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative docriments indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
lS0291:1997, Plastics — Standard atmospiteres lot concstronrng and testing.
ISO 293:1986. Plastics — Compression mouk*ng test spec#nens at them’,oplaslrc materials.
ISO 294-1:1998, Pt astxrS — Injection mouk*iTg of lest specimens of Thermoplastic materials — Part 1: General prnciptes. and mouk*ng at muttØwpcse and bar test specimens.
ISO 295:1991, Plastics — Con,p’ession moulding of test specimens at thermosetrlng materials.
ISO 1268:19741), Plastics — Preparation of glass fibre rerntorceo resin bonded, low pressure larneiated plates or panels for test purposes.
1S02602:1980, Statistical intespretation at test results — Estimation of the mean — Confidence £nle,val
1S02818:1994. Plastics — Preparation of test specimens by machining.
ISO 3167:_Z. Plastics — Multipurpose test spec mens,
ISO 10724.1:1998. Plastics — Injection moulding of test specimens of Thermosetting powder moulding conlpouride (PMCs) — Part 1: General principles and moulding of multipu, pose lest specimens.
ISO 13802:1999, Plastics — Verification of pendulum impaa-testwrg machines —Chaq.vj’, trod and tensile impactlesting.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of ISO 180, the following terms and defihelons apply.
3.1
Izod unnotched Impact strength
impact energy absorbed ii breaking an unnotched specimen, referred to the original cross-sectional area of the specimen
NOTE It is •xpressed I’. bdofxjies per sQuere mre fkJ1ni)
3.2
Izod notched Impact strength alN
impact energy alisorbed In breaking a notched specImen, referred to the original cross-sectional area of the specimen at the notch, th the pendulum strdlng the face containing the notch
NOTE It m eicpressed m kdo1o.,des per squere meqre (kJm2).
6.5 CondItioning
Unless otherwise specified in the standard for the material under teat the specimens shall be conditioned for at least 16h at 23C and 50% relative humidity in accordance with ISO 291, unless other conditions are agreed upon by the inlerested parties. In the case of notched specimens, the conditioning time is after notching.
7 Procedure
7.1 Conduct the lest lithe same atmosphere as that used for conditioning, unless otherwise agreed upon by the interested parlies. e.g. for testing at high or low temperatures.
7.2 Measure the thickness I, and width b of each test specimen. In the centre, to the nearest 0,02 mm. In the case of notched specimens, carefully measure the remaining width hN to the nearest 0,02 mm.
In the case of inection-moulded specimens, it is not necessary to measure the dimensions of each specimen. It is sufficient to measure one specimen from a set to make sure that the dimensions correspond to those In Table 1. With multiple-cavity moulds, ensure that the dimensions of the specimens are the same for sect’ cavity.
7.3 Check that the Impact machine is able to perform the test with the speoiied velocity of impact and that It Is in the correct range of absorbed energy W which shall be between 10% and 30% of the available energy at impact, E. if more than one of th. pendulums contorm to these requirements, the pendulum having the highest energy shall be used.
7A Determine the frictional losses and correct the absorbed energy In accordance with ISO 13802
7.5 Lift the pendukim to the prescribed height and sport it. Place the specimen ii te vice and clamp it as shown in Figure I, In accordance with 5.1.2, When determining the notched Izod impact strength, the notch shall be positioned on the side that is to be struck by the stnlcing edge of the pendulum.
7.6 Release the pendulum, Record the impact energy absorbed by the specimen and apply any necessary corrections for frictional losses, etc. see 7.4).
7.7 Four types of break designated by the following code-letters may occur:
C complete break: a break in which the specimen separates into two or more pieces
H hinge break: an incomplete break such that both parts of the specimen are held together only by a thai peripheral layer ii the form of a hinge having low re5ldual stiffness
P partIal break: an Incomplete break that does not meet the definition for hinge break
N non-break: there is no break, and the specimen is only bent and pushed through the support blocks. possibly combined with stress whitening
8 CalculatIon and expression of results
8.1 Unnotched specimens
Calculate the Izod impact strength of unnoiched specimens, a,, expressed In kilojoules per square metre, using the following equation:
f) the nominal pendulum energy:
g) the clamping pressure, it applicable (see 5.1.2);
h) the method of test specimen preparation;
i) if the material m in the fonn of a product or a semifinished product, the onentation of the test specimen In relation to the product or semifinished product from which It was cut;
j) the number ol specimens tested:
k) the standard atmosphere used for conditioning and testing, plus any special conditioning treatment it required by the standard for the material or product;
l) the type(s) of failure observed;
m) the individual test results, presented as follows see also Table 2):
1) group the results according to the three basic types of failure:
C complete break, Including hinge break H
P partial break
N non-break
2) select the most frequent type and record the mean value .E of the impact strength for this type of failure. followed by the letter C or P for the type 04 faure.
3) it the most frequent tallure type is N, record the letter N orgy,
4) add (between brackets) the letter C, P or N for the second most frequent failure type, but only it Its frequency le higher than 1i3 (if not relevant, insert an asterisk);
n) the standard deviations of the mean values, if required:
o) the date(s) of the test.